NAICS 624310 Quarterly Industry Report
Vocational Rehabilitation Services
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 624310Sector: Health Care and Social Assistance (62)Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This industry profile for Vocational Rehabilitation Services (NAICS 624310) draws on data from the U.S. Census Bureau[6], U.S. Department of Education Rehabilitation Services Administration[7], Bureau of Labor Statistics[9], and SBA size standards database[8]. Published by Fair Market Value and updated quarterly, it provides valuation professionals, disability services analysts, and vocational program investors with current market data. All quantitative claims are sourced to publicly verifiable databases.
Industry Snapshot
Key metrics for the vocational rehabilitation services industry.
NAICS Sector
62
Health Care and Social Assistance
Industry Definition & Overview
Vocational Rehabilitation Services (NAICS 624310) encompasses establishments primarily engaged in providing vocational rehabilitation or habilitation services such as job counseling, job training, and work experience to unemployed and underemployed persons, persons with disabilities, and persons who have job market disadvantages per the U.S. Census Bureau[5]. This classification includes vocational rehabilitation job training facilities (except schools), sheltered workshops providing supervised work environments, and supported employment programs that place individuals with disabilities in competitive integrated employment with ongoing job coaching.
Roughly 4,058 organizations operate 7,235 locations employing approximately 286,000 workers with annual payroll exceeding $6.1 billion per Census Bureau[6] economic survey data. State vocational rehabilitation agencies administer the federal-state VR program serving roughly 1 million individuals annually, with the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) within the U.S. Department of Education[7] providing federal oversight and formula grant funding. Goodwill Industries International operates over 150 local organizations providing job training and employment services. SourceAmerica and National Industries for the Blind coordinate the AbilityOne Program, the largest source of employment for people who are blind or have other disabilities through federal government procurement.
Per the SBA Table of Size Standards[8], the size standard is $15 million in average annual receipts. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (as amended by WIOA in 2014) governs the federal-state VR program, requiring services be provided in the most integrated setting appropriate and emphasizing competitive integrated employment as the primary outcome. Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act authorizes subminimum wage certificates for sheltered workshops, though this practice faces growing opposition, with several states banning subminimum wages and federal legislation proposed to phase out the program nationally. Americans with Disabilities Act requirements apply to all employment-related services. State VR agencies must develop Individualized Plans for Employment (IPEs) for each program participant, with an order of selection prioritizing individuals with the most severe disabilities when funding is insufficient to serve all eligible applicants.
What's Included in This Industry
- Job counseling and career assessment services
- Vocational training and skills development programs
- Sheltered workshop supervised work environments
- Supported employment and job coaching services
- Work adjustment and on-the-job training programs
- Assistive technology assessment and workplace accommodation
- Job placement and employer engagement services
- Individualized Plan for Employment development
- Transitional employment for persons with mental illness
- Pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Sector | Health Care and Social Assistance | 62 |
| Subsector | Social Assistance | 624 |
| Industry Group | Vocational Rehabilitation Services | 6243 |
| NAICS Industry | Vocational Rehabilitation Services | 62431 |
| National Industry | Vocational Rehabilitation Services | 624310 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 624120 | Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities | Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities provide community-based day programming and personal care that complements vocational services in this classification, with supported living and day habilitation programs serving individuals who participate in both vocational training and community support activities |
| 623210 | Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities | Residential Intellectual and Developmental Disability Facilities house individuals who attend vocational programs during the day, with group home residents commuting to sheltered workshops and supported employment placements coordinated between residential care providers and vocational rehabilitation agencies |
| 624110 | Child and Youth Services | Child and Youth Services deliver pre-employment transition programming for older youth with disabilities aging out of supports care or special education, with vocational rehabilitation agencies coordinating workforce readiness services for young adults transitioning from child welfare and education systems |
| 611519 | Other Technical and Trade Schools | Other Technical and Trade Schools provide vocational education that parallels the job training in this classification, with the distinction that schools grant credentials and degrees while vocational rehabilitation services focus on employment outcomes for individuals with barriers to competitive employment |
| 621420 | Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers | Outpatient Mental Health and Substance Abuse Centers treat behavioral health conditions that create employment barriers, with mental health treatment providers coordinating with vocational rehabilitation counselors to address clinical and employment goals simultaneously through integrated service delivery |
| 624190 | Other Individual and Family Services | Other Individual and Family Services deliver case management and social support that assists vocational rehabilitation clients with housing, transportation, and family stabilization needs affecting their ability to participate in job training and maintain competitive employment |
Geographic Concentration
Top states by share of national establishments.
| # | State | % Est. | Total Est. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | California | 10.8% | 765 |
| 2 | New York | 5.0% | 357 |
| 3 | Texas | 5.0% | 356 |
| 4 | Florida | 4.8% | 342 |
| 5 | Illinois | 4.3% | 308 |
| 6 | Pennsylvania | 4.3% | 304 |
| 7 | Minnesota | 4.2% | 294 |
| 8 | Ohio | 4.0% | 285 |
| 9 | Washington | 3.7% | 261 |
| 10 | Wisconsin | 3.2% | 229 |
% Of Establishments
0%
11%
Source: County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau[3]
SBA Lending Summary
176
Total SBA Loans
$73.6M
Total Loan Volume
$418K
Average Loan Size
12 yrs
Average Loan Term
9.93%
Average Interest Rate
2,024
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[4]
Key Insight: Per the SBA Table of Size Standards[8], Vocational Rehabilitation Services (NAICS 624310) has a size standard of $15 million in average annual receipts for federal contracting purposes. SBA lending programs[10] support facility acquisition, training equipment, and program development for qualifying vocational rehabilitation service providers. Eligible businesses can access SBA 7(a) loans[11] for working capital, equipment, and acquisition financing, while 504 loans[12] support major fixed-asset purchases including real estate and heavy machinery.
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Bancorp Bank National Association | 8 | $20.2M | $2.5M |
| 2 | JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association | 8 | $12.8M | $1.6M |
| 3 | Village Bank and Trust, National Association | 16 | $10.7M | $671K |
| 4 | U.S. Bank, National Association | 24 | $10.3M | $430K |
| 5 | Northeast Bank | 40 | $6.4M | $160K |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What is the NAICS code for vocational rehabilitation and sheltered workshops?
NAICS 624310 covers vocational rehabilitation services including job counseling, job training, sheltered workshops, and supported employment per the U.S. Census Bureau[5].
What is the SBA size standard for vocational rehabilitation?
The SBA size standard[8] is $15 million in average annual receipts, determining eligibility for federal small business contracting programs and SBA lending products.
How large is the vocational rehabilitation industry?
Roughly 4,058 organizations operate 7,235 locations employing approximately 286,000 workers with annual payroll exceeding $6.1 billion per Census Bureau[6] economic survey data.
What is the federal-state VR program?
State vocational rehabilitation agencies administer the federal-state VR program per the Rehabilitation Services Administration[7] within the Department of Education, serving close to 1 million individuals annually through formula grant funding and state matching contributions.
What is the AbilityOne Program?
SourceAmerica and National Industries for the Blind coordinate AbilityOne as the largest source of employment for people who are blind or have other disabilities, creating jobs through federal government procurement contracts directed to participating nonprofit agencies per program guidelines.
What is happening with sheltered workshop subminimum wages?
Section 14(c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act authorizes subminimum wage certificates per Department of Labor[13] regulations, though several states have banned the practice and federal legislation has been proposed to phase out subminimum wages nationally in favor of competitive integrated employment.
What does WIOA require for vocational rehabilitation?
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (2014) amended the Rehabilitation Act to emphasize competitive integrated employment per RSA[7] program guidance, requiring services in the most integrated setting and mandating pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities beginning at age 14.
What is an Individualized Plan for Employment?
State VR agencies develop IPEs for each program participant per RSA[7] regulatory requirements, documenting vocational goals, services needed, and expected outcomes, with an order of selection prioritizing individuals with the most severe disabilities when funding cannot serve all eligible applicants.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census census.gov
- [3]U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns census.gov
- [4]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [5]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [6]Census Bureau data.census.gov
- [7]U.S. Department of Education rsa.ed.gov
- [8]SBA Table of Size Standards sba.gov
- [9]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [10]SBA lending programs sba.gov
- [11]SBA 7(a) loans sba.gov
- [12]504 loans sba.gov
- [13]Department of Labor dol.gov
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