NAICS 814110 Quarterly Industry Report
Private Households
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 814110Sector: Other Services (except Public Administration) (81)Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This industry profile for Private Households (NAICS 814110) draws on data from the U.S. Census Bureau[8], Bureau of Labor Statistics[4], and SBA size standards database[6]. Published by Fair Market Value and updated quarterly, it provides valuation professionals, household employment analysts, and domestic staffing advisors with current market data. All quantitative claims are sourced to publicly verifiable databases.
Industry Definition & Overview
Private Households (NAICS 814110) encompasses private households primarily engaged in employing workers on or about the premises in activities concerned with the operation of the household per the U.S. Census Bureau[3]. Activities include employing nannies and childcare workers, housekeepers and maids, cooks and personal chefs, butlers and household managers, gardeners and groundskeepers, personal care attendants, estate maintenance staff, and household drivers.
This classification covers the direct employment relationship between private households and domestic workers, distinguishing household-employed staff from workers provided through staffing agencies or cleaning services. Household employers must comply with federal and state employment tax requirements, including Social Security and Medicare withholding, federal unemployment tax contributions, and applicable minimum wage and overtime provisions. Per Bureau of Labor Statistics[4] data, the private household sector employs a substantial domestic workforce providing childcare, eldercare, housekeeping, cooking, and property maintenance services within residential settings. The Department of Labor[5] Fair Labor Standards Act applies to most domestic service workers, requiring minimum wage payment for all hours worked and overtime compensation for non-live-in employees working more than 40 hours per week. Growing demand for in-home eldercare services, dual-income household childcare needs, and high-net-worth estate staffing has sustained employment levels in this sector. IRS Publication 926 provides household employers with guidance on tax withholding obligations, filing requirements, and employment classification standards.
Per the SBA Table of Size Standards[6], the size standard is $8 million in average annual receipts. OSHA[7] general duty clause provisions apply to workplace safety in household employment settings, though private households are generally exempt from routine OSHA inspection and recordkeeping requirements.
What's Included in This Industry
- Nanny and childcare worker employment
- Housekeeper and maid employment
- Cook and personal chef employment
- Butler and household manager employment
- Gardener and groundskeeper employment
- Personal care attendant employment
- Estate maintenance staff employment
- Household driver and chauffeur employment
- Laundress and household aide employment
- Caretaker and property watchperson employment
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Sector | Other Services (except Public Administration) | 81 |
| Subsector | Private Households | 814 |
| Industry Group | Private Households | 8141 |
| NAICS Industry | Private Households | 81411 |
| National Industry | Private Households | 814110 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 624410 | Child Care Services | Child Day Care Services provides institutional childcare that competes with private household nanny employment for families choosing between center-based programs and in-home childcare arrangements staffed by directly employed caregivers |
| 624120 | Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities | Services for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities delivers home-based personal care through agency staffing models that parallel private household employment of personal attendants and non-medical caregivers for elderly and disabled family members |
| 561720 | Janitorial Services | Janitorial Services provides commercial cleaning that competes with private household employment of housekeepers and maids, with cleaning service companies offering scheduled visits as alternatives to full-time or part-time household cleaning staff |
| 561311 | Employment Placement Agencies | Employment Placement Agencies recruits and places domestic workers including nannies, housekeepers, and estate staff for private households, with placement agencies serving as intermediaries connecting qualified candidates with household employers |
| 561320 | Temporary Help Services | Temporary Help Services supplies temporary domestic workers through staffing agencies rather than direct household employment, with temp services providing substitute coverage and seasonal staffing that supplements permanent household employee arrangements |
| 561730 | Landscaping Services | Landscaping Services provides contracted grounds maintenance that competes with private household employment of gardeners and groundskeepers, with landscaping companies offering commercial alternatives to directly employed residential property maintenance staff |
SBA Lending Summary
8
Total SBA Loans
$2.8M
Total Loan Volume
$353K
Average Loan Size
10 yrs
Average Loan Term
8.50%
Average Interest Rate
32
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[2]
Key Insight: Per the SBA Table of Size Standards[6], Private Households (NAICS 814110) has a size standard of $8 million in average annual receipts. This classification covers individual household employers rather than commercial businesses, making SBA lending programs[9] generally inapplicable to private household employment arrangements. Eligible businesses can access SBA 7(a) loans[10] for working capital, equipment, and acquisition financing, while 504 loans[11] support major fixed-asset purchases including real estate and heavy machinery.
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | U.S. Bank, National Association | 8 | $2.8M | $353K |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What is the NAICS code for household employers?
NAICS 814110 covers private households that employ domestic workers including nannies, housekeepers, cooks, gardeners, and personal care attendants per the U.S. Census Bureau[3].
What is the SBA size standard?
Per the SBA size standard[6], the threshold is $8 million in average annual receipts, though this classification primarily covers individual household employers rather than commercial business entities.
What tax obligations do household employers have?
Per IRS[12] guidance in Publication 926, household employers must withhold and remit Social Security and Medicare taxes, pay federal unemployment tax, and may withhold federal income tax when paying domestic employees above annual threshold amounts.
Are household workers employees or independent contractors?
Per Department of Labor[5] classification standards, domestic workers are typically employees rather than independent contractors when the household controls both what work is performed and how it is done, with employee status triggering tax withholding and labor law obligations.
Do minimum wage laws apply to household workers?
The Department of Labor[5] Fair Labor Standards Act requires household employers to pay minimum wage for all hours worked, with overtime at 1.5 times the regular rate for non-live-in employees exceeding 40 hours per week.
Are live-in workers treated differently?
Per Bureau of Labor Statistics[4] industry classification, live-in domestic workers must receive minimum wage but are exempt from overtime requirements under the Fair Labor Standards Act, with sleep time and meal periods potentially excludable from compensable hours.
What is the difference between household employment and agency staffing?
Private household employment (NAICS 814110) involves direct employer-employee relationships, while staffing agencies (NAICS 561320) employ workers and assign them to household clients per Census Bureau[8] classification, with different tax and liability obligations for each arrangement.
What safety regulations apply?
OSHA[7] general duty clause provisions apply to household employment, though private households are generally exempt from routine inspection and recordkeeping requirements that apply to commercial employers in other industry classifications.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [3]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [4]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [5]Department of Labor dol.gov
- [6]SBA Table of Size Standards sba.gov
- [7]OSHA osha.gov
- [8]U.S. Census Bureau data.census.gov
- [9]SBA lending programs sba.gov
- [10]SBA 7(a) loans sba.gov
- [11]504 loans sba.gov
- [12]IRS irs.gov
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