NAICS 335910 Quarterly Industry Report
Battery Manufacturing
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 335910Sector: 33Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This Fair Market Value industry report for NAICS 335910 draws on verified data from the U.S. Census Bureau[4], Bureau of Labor Statistics[6], and the Small Business Administration[7]. Our research team compiles establishment counts, employment data, and SBA eligibility criteria specific to battery manufacturing. Reports are updated quarterly to reflect new Census releases and regulatory changes.
Industry Definition & Overview
Battery Manufacturing (NAICS 335910) encompasses establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing primary batteries and storage batteries. Products include lithium-ion cells and battery packs for consumer electronics and electric vehicles, lead-acid batteries for automotive starting and industrial motive power, alkaline disposable batteries for household use, nickel-metal hydride rechargeable cells, and specialty batteries for medical devices and military applications. The U.S. Census Bureau[4] classifies this industry under the broader electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing sector.
Roughly 314 active businesses operate in this industry per Census data[5]. The sector has undergone rapid transformation driven by electric vehicle adoption and grid-scale energy storage deployment, with lithium-ion battery production attracting billions in capital investment for new gigafactory construction. Traditional lead-acid battery manufacturers continue to serve automotive aftermarket and industrial forklift applications, while alkaline primary battery production serves declining but still substantial consumer demand for disposable cells.
Manufacturing processes differ markedly by chemistry: lithium-ion production requires electrode coating, cell assembly in dry rooms with controlled humidity below 1%, electrolyte filling, and formation cycling; lead-acid manufacturing involves grid casting, pasting, curing, and acid filling in facilities with extensive environmental controls for lead exposure. Raw material costs dominate production economics across all chemistries, with lithium carbonate, cobalt, nickel sulfate, and lead prices directly affecting product margins. The Inflation Reduction Act's advanced manufacturing production tax credits provide per-kilowatt-hour incentives for domestic battery cell and module production, reshaping investment decisions for new facility construction.
What's Included in This Industry
- Lithium-ion battery cell and pack manufacturing
- Lead-acid automotive battery production
- Alkaline primary battery manufacturing
- Nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery production
- Industrial motive power battery manufacturing
- Button cell and coin cell battery production
- Grid-scale energy storage battery manufacturing
- Military and aerospace specialty battery production
- Medical device battery manufacturing
- Battery module and pack assembly operations
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Subsector | Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing | 335 |
| Industry Group | Other Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing | 3359 |
| NAICS Industry | Battery Manufacturing | 33591 |
| National Industry | Battery Manufacturing | 335910 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 335312 | Motor and Generator Manufacturing | Manufactures electric motors and generators that convert stored battery energy into mechanical motion rather than producing the battery cells and packs themselves |
| 336320 | Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing | Produces motor vehicle electrical equipment including charging alternators classified separately from the lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries manufactured in this industry |
| 335210 | Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing | Manufactures small electric appliances that incorporate batteries for cordless operation but classifies as consumer product manufacturing rather than battery production |
| 335999 | All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing | Produces miscellaneous electrical equipment including fuel cells and capacitors that store or convert energy using methods distinct from the electrochemical battery technologies manufactured here |
| 334515 | Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals | Manufactures instruments for measuring electricity and electrical signals including battery testing equipment rather than the batteries themselves produced in this classification |
| 335314 | Relay and Industrial Control Manufacturing | Produces relays and industrial controls for battery management system components classified separately from the battery cells and modules manufactured in this industry |
SBA Lending Summary
64
Total SBA Loans
$96.9M
Total Loan Volume
$1.5M
Average Loan Size
11 yrs
Average Loan Term
10.10%
Average Interest Rate
4,880
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[3]
Key Insight: The SBA[7] sets the size standard for NAICS 335910 at 1,250 employees. Firms below this threshold qualify for small business set-aside contracts and SBA-backed lending programs. Federal procurement includes batteries for military communications equipment, submarine battery systems, and backup power installations at government data centers. The SBA's contracting programs[8] support manufacturers pursuing Defense Logistics Agency battery supply contracts and Department of Energy storage technology programs. Eligible businesses can access SBA 7(a) loans[9] for working capital, equipment, and acquisition financing, while 504 loans[10] support major fixed-asset purchases including real estate and heavy machinery.
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Equity Bank | 8 | $40.0M | $5.0M |
| 2 | Climate First Bank | 16 | $32.6M | $2.0M |
| 3 | Columbia Bank | 8 | $15.6M | $1.9M |
| 4 | Northeast Bank | 8 | $4.0M | $500K |
| 4 | Bell Bank | 8 | $4.0M | $500K |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What types of businesses are classified under NAICS 335910?
Manufacturers of primary and storage batteries classify here. Products include lithium-ion cells and packs, lead-acid automotive batteries, alkaline disposable batteries, nickel-metal hydride cells, button cells, and specialty batteries for military and medical applications per the Census Bureau[4] classification.
How is the battery manufacturing industry structured?
Roughly 314 businesses operate in this industry per Census data[5]. Large manufacturers dominate lead-acid automotive and lithium-ion segments while smaller firms serve specialty niches including military batteries, medical device cells, and custom battery pack assembly for industrial applications.
What is the SBA size standard for NAICS 335910?
The SBA[7] sets the threshold at 1,250 employees. Businesses with fewer than 1,250 average employees qualify as small for federal contracting preferences and SBA-backed financing programs including 7(a) and 504 loans.
What NAICS codes are related to battery manufacturing?
Related codes include 335312 (Motors and Generators), 336320 (Vehicle Electrical Equipment), 335210 (Small Appliances), 335999 (Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment), 334515 (Electrical Instruments), and 335314 (Industrial Controls). Each covers products that use or interface with batteries but differ from battery cell and pack production.
What industries purchase manufactured batteries?
Automobile manufacturers, electric power generators, electronic parts wholesalers, mining companies, and appliance repair firms interact most directly. Electric vehicle production drives the largest new demand for lithium-ion batteries while automotive aftermarket and industrial forklift operations sustain lead-acid battery volumes.
What activities are included in NAICS 335910?
Activities include manufacturing lithium-ion battery cells and assembling battery packs, producing lead-acid batteries through grid casting and pasting operations, manufacturing alkaline and zinc-carbon primary cells, producing nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries, assembling grid-scale energy storage systems, and manufacturing specialty batteries for aerospace, military, and medical device applications.
Can battery manufacturers qualify for SBA loans?
Yes, firms below 1,250 employees qualify for SBA lending programs[8] including 7(a) and 504 loans. Dry room climate control systems, electrode coating lines, formation cycling equipment, and environmental compliance systems for lead handling represent capital investments suited to SBA 504 financing.
Where are battery manufacturers concentrated?
Lead-acid production concentrates in the Southeast and Midwest near automotive markets, with plants in Georgia, Missouri, and Pennsylvania. Lithium-ion gigafactory construction targets the Southeast and Midwest, particularly Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Michigan where automakers have clustered electric vehicle assembly operations. Proximity to automotive OEM plants and access to state incentive packages drive new lithium-ion facility location decisions.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census census.gov
- [3]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [4]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [5]Census data naicslist.com
- [6]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [7]Small Business Administration sba.gov
- [8]SBA's contracting programs sba.gov
- [9]SBA 7(a) loans sba.gov
- [10]504 loans sba.gov
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