NAICS 485999 Quarterly Industry Report
All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 485999Sector: 48Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This industry report for NAICS 485999 draws on ground transportation data from the U.S. Census Bureau[5], employment statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics[6], and small business benchmarks from the Small Business Administration[7]. Fair Market Value compiles this NAICS 485999 profile to support valuation professionals assessing shuttle operators, vanpool programs, and courtesy vehicle services. Our research team updates this content quarterly to reflect airport concession trends and commuter program developments.
Industry Snapshot
Key metrics for the all other transit and ground passenger transportation industry.
Industry Definition & Overview
All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (NAICS 485999) encompasses ground passenger transportation establishments not classified in any other transit industry code. The U.S. Census Bureau[5] uses this residual classification to capture operators providing airport shuttle service, hotel and resort courtesy vehicles, vanpool and commuter van programs, jitney service, and other ground transportation modes that fall outside the definitions of taxi, limousine, charter, transit, and school bus categories.
Airport shuttle services represent a major segment, connecting travelers between terminals, parking lots, rental car centers, and nearby hotels along fixed or semi-fixed routes. Hotel courtesy vehicles provide complimentary guest transportation to airports, attractions, and business districts as a hospitality amenity. Employer-sponsored vanpool programs support daily commuting for groups of workers who share rides to common employment locations, often subsidized through federal commuter benefit programs. Jitney services operate along informal routes in communities where formal transit coverage is limited.
Revenue sources vary widely by service type. Airport shuttles earn per-passenger fares or operate under concession agreements with airport authorities. Hotel vehicles are funded through room rates as a cost of guest service. Vanpool programs generate revenue through participant monthly fees, employer subsidies, and federal tax benefits. Operating costs focus on vehicle acquisition, fuel, driver wages, insurance, and for airport operators, concession fees and ground access charges. Fleet sizes range from a single courtesy vehicle at a small hotel to hundreds of vans in a large metropolitan vanpool program.
What's Included in This Industry
- Airport shuttle service between terminals, parking, and nearby hotels
- Hotel and resort courtesy vehicle operations for guest transportation
- Employer-sponsored vanpool and commuter van programs
- Jitney service along informal neighborhood routes
- Casino and entertainment venue shuttle transportation
- Healthcare facility patient courtesy shuttle service
- Park-and-ride commuter van operations
- Convention center and event venue shuttle loops
- Ski resort and recreational area shuttle transportation
- University and hospital visitor shuttle services
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Subsector | Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation | 485 |
| Industry Group | Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation | 4859 |
| NAICS Industry | Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation | 48599 |
| National Industry | All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation | 485999 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 485310 | Taxi and Ridesharing Services | Taxi and rideshare services providing individual on-demand trips, while 485999 covers shared shuttle, vanpool, and courtesy vehicle operations serving group or scheduled passengers |
| 485113 | Bus and Other Motor Vehicle Transit Systems | Urban bus transit systems operating large fixed-route public service networks, distinct from the smaller shuttle loops and vanpool programs classified under 485999 |
| 485210 | Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation | Interurban bus service providing scheduled intercity transportation, contrasted with the local shuttle and circulator operations that characterize 485999 |
| 485320 | Limousine Service | Limousine service providing premium prearranged transportation, while 485999 covers economy shuttle and courtesy vehicle operations at lower price points |
| 485410 | School and Employee Bus Transportation | School and employee bus transportation on contracted closed-door routes, distinct from the open-access shuttle and vanpool services classified under 485999 |
| 485991 | Special Needs Transportation | Special needs transportation serving passengers with medical or mobility requirements, while 485999 covers general population shuttle and commuter van services |
Geographic Concentration
Top states by share of national establishments.
| # | State | % Est. | Total Est. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | California | 15.5% | 337 |
| 2 | Florida | 11.8% | 257 |
| 3 | New York | 8.6% | 187 |
| 4 | Illinois | 6.2% | 134 |
| 5 | Texas | 4.6% | 100 |
| 6 | Massachusetts | 3.6% | 79 |
| 7 | Virginia | 3.5% | 76 |
| 8 | Maryland | 3.0% | 65 |
| 9 | Pennsylvania | 3.0% | 65 |
| 10 | Georgia | 3.0% | 64 |
% Of Establishments
0%
16%
Source: County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau[3]
SBA Lending Summary
512
Total SBA Loans
$97.0M
Total Loan Volume
$189K
Average Loan Size
10 yrs
Average Loan Term
10.55%
Average Interest Rate
3,808
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[4]
Key Insight: The Small Business Administration[7] sets the size standard for NAICS 485999 at $19 million in average annual receipts, measured over the preceding five completed fiscal years. Most operators in this diverse category qualify as small businesses, particularly single-property hotel shuttle services and regional vanpool managers. Eligible firms can access SBA 7(a) loans[8] for shuttle vehicle purchases, routing technology, and working capital. The SBA 504 loan program[9] supports maintenance facility and parking area real estate acquisition. Federal contracting opportunities exist through government facility shuttle and vanpool management programs.
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Northeast Bank | 144 | $19.0M | $132K |
| 2 | T Bank, National Association | 8 | $15.8M | $2.0M |
| 3 | FinWise Bank | 8 | $13.2M | $1.6M |
| 4 | Magyar Bank | 8 | $11.5M | $1.4M |
| 5 | Byline Bank | 8 | $4.8M | $595K |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What types of businesses fall under NAICS 485999?
This catch-all classification covers ground passenger transportation not fitting other transit codes. Common business types include airport shuttle operators, hotel courtesy vehicle services, employer vanpool program managers, casino shuttle providers, and ski resort transportation companies. The U.S. Census Bureau[5] places any ground passenger service here that does not meet the specific definitions of taxi, limousine, transit, charter, school bus, or special needs transportation.
How is NAICS 485999 structured differently from other transit codes?
This code serves as a residual category for operations that do not fit neatly into other ground passenger classifications. Airport shuttles run semi-fixed routes but are not urban transit. Hotel courtesy vehicles transport guests but are not taxi service. Vanpools carry commuters but are not employee bus operations. Each of these services has characteristics that overlap with other codes but lack the defining features of any single specific classification.
What is the SBA size standard for NAICS 485999?
The Small Business Administration sets the size standard at $19 million in average annual receipts over five years. Most shuttle and courtesy vehicle operators qualify as small businesses given the localized nature of their service areas. Details are in the SBA size standards table[10].
What NAICS codes are closely related to other transit services?
Related codes include 485310 for taxi and rideshare, 485113 for urban bus transit, 485210 for intercity bus, 485320 for limousine service, 485410 for school and employee bus, and 485991 for special needs transportation. Each of these specific codes captures a defined passenger transportation model, while 485999 covers the remaining ground passenger services not meeting those definitions.
What industries are connected to shuttle and vanpool operations?
Connected industries include airport authorities managing ground transportation concessions, hotel and resort properties operating guest shuttle programs, large employers sponsoring commuter vanpools, convention centers coordinating event transportation, and transportation management associations promoting shared-ride commuting. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics[6], ground passenger transportation employment spans a wide variety of service types within this residual category.
What activities are included in NAICS 485999?
Included activities cover airport shuttle service, hotel courtesy vehicles, employer vanpool programs, casino shuttles, ski resort transportation, convention shuttles, jitney service, park-and-ride commuter vans, healthcare visitor shuttles, and university campus circulator operations. The U.S. Census Bureau[5] encompasses all ground passenger transportation not classified under taxi, limousine, transit, charter, school bus, or special needs codes.
Can shuttle and vanpool operators get SBA loans?
Operators under the $19 million revenue threshold can access SBA financing for vehicle and facility needs. The 7(a) program[8] supports shuttle van purchases, routing technology, and working capital for seasonal airport shuttle demand. Most 504 program[9] finances maintenance garages and parking facility real estate. These programs benefit small operators competing for airport concession contracts and corporate vanpool management agreements.
Where are shuttle and vanpool services concentrated?
Airport shuttles concentrate at the busiest commercial airports including Atlanta, Dallas-Fort Worth, Denver, Los Angeles, and Orlando. Hotel courtesy vehicles operate wherever hospitality clusters exist near airports and convention centers. Vanpool programs are most prevalent in metropolitan areas with long commute distances and limited transit access, including Houston, Los Angeles, Seattle, and the San Francisco Bay Area.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census census.gov
- [3]U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns census.gov
- [4]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [5]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [6]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [7]Small Business Administration sba.gov
- [8]SBA 7(a) loans sba.gov
- [9]SBA 504 loan program sba.gov
- [10]SBA size standards table sba.gov
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