NAICS 485320 Quarterly Industry Report
Limousine Service
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 485320Sector: 48Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This industry report for NAICS 485320 draws on ground transportation data from the U.S. Census Bureau[5], employment statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics[6], and small business lending benchmarks from the Small Business Administration[7]. Fair Market Value compiles this NAICS 485320 profile to support valuation professionals assessing limousine companies, executive car services, and specialty event transportation businesses. Our research team updates this content quarterly to reflect fleet valuation trends and regulatory changes.
Industry Snapshot
Key metrics for the limousine service industry.
Industry Definition & Overview
Limousine Service (NAICS 485320) encompasses establishments primarily engaged in providing prearranged passenger transportation in luxury sedans, SUVs, stretch limousines, and specialty vehicles. The U.S. Census Bureau[5] classifies these operations separately from taxi services based on the prearranged nature of the trips and the premium vehicle and chauffeur service standards involved.
This sector serves corporate executive transportation, airport transfers, wedding and event service, wine country tours, and prom night bookings. Revenue models include hourly rates, flat-rate airport pricing, and event packages that bundle vehicle time with gratuity and fuel surcharges. Fleet composition ranges from high-end sedans and SUVs for corporate accounts to stretch limousines, party buses, and vintage vehicles for special occasions. Many operators maintain mixed fleets to serve both the corporate weekday market and the social event weekend demand cycle.
Operating costs center on vehicle acquisition and depreciation, chauffeur wages and benefits, commercial auto insurance, and licensing fees. Insurance rates for limousine operations typically exceed those for standard taxi service due to higher vehicle values and passenger capacity in stretch configurations. Chauffeur presentation standards including uniforms, vehicle cleanliness, and customer service training distinguish this sector from general ground transportation. Seasonal demand peaks around prom season, wedding months, and year-end corporate holiday events create workforce scheduling challenges for operators maintaining consistent service quality.
What's Included in This Industry
- Executive sedan and SUV chauffeured transportation
- Stretch limousine rental with driver for special events
- Airport transfer service in luxury vehicles
- Corporate account and executive ground transportation programs
- Wedding and event limousine packages
- Party bus and specialty vehicle service for group events
- Wine tour and sightseeing chauffeured excursions
- Hourly and point-to-point luxury car service
- Funeral procession limousine service
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Subsector | Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation | 485 |
| Industry Group | Taxi and Limousine Service | 4853 |
| NAICS Industry | Limousine Service | 48532 |
| National Industry | Limousine Service | 485320 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 485310 | Taxi and Ridesharing Services | Taxi and ridesharing services providing on-demand transportation in standard vehicles, while 485320 covers prearranged luxury vehicle service with chauffeur standards |
| 485999 | All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation | All other ground passenger transportation including shuttle and vanpool services operating at lower price points than the premium service defining 485320 |
| 485510 | Charter Bus Industry | Charter bus service providing group transportation in large vehicles, contrasted with the smaller luxury vehicles and individualized service of limousine operations |
| 487110 | Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land | Scenic and sightseeing rail excursions serving recreational markets that overlap with limousine wine tour and sightseeing packages |
| 485991 | Special Needs Transportation | Special needs transportation providing accessible vehicle service for medical and mobility purposes rather than the luxury event focus of 485320 |
| 485210 | Interurban and Rural Bus Transportation | Interurban bus transportation providing scheduled intercity service at economy fares, distinct from the premium prearranged car service offered by limousine operators |
Geographic Concentration
Top states by share of national establishments.
| # | State | % Est. | Total Est. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New York | 23.0% | 972 |
| 2 | California | 14.6% | 617 |
| 3 | Illinois | 8.3% | 349 |
| 4 | Florida | 7.3% | 307 |
| 5 | New Jersey | 6.2% | 262 |
| 6 | Texas | 4.9% | 206 |
| 7 | Massachusetts | 4.7% | 199 |
| 8 | Virginia | 2.6% | 110 |
| 9 | Pennsylvania | 2.5% | 105 |
| 10 | Georgia | 2.0% | 85 |
% Of Establishments
0%
23%
Source: County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau[3]
SBA Lending Summary
672
Total SBA Loans
$148.0M
Total Loan Volume
$220K
Average Loan Size
10 yrs
Average Loan Term
10.62%
Average Interest Rate
3,664
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[4]
Key Insight: The Small Business Administration[7] sets the size standard for NAICS 485320 at $19 million in average annual receipts, measured over the preceding five completed fiscal years. Most limousine companies are owner-operated small businesses with fleets ranging from a single vehicle to several dozen. Eligible firms can access SBA 7(a) loans[8] for luxury vehicle acquisition, fleet expansion, and dispatch technology investments. The SBA 504 loan program[9] supports real estate purchases for vehicle storage, maintenance facilities, and office space. Startup limousine operators may also qualify for SBA microloans to finance initial vehicle purchases and licensing requirements.
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | b1BANK | 8 | $24.7M | $3.1M |
| 2 | Northeast Bank | 152 | $19.1M | $126K |
| 3 | U.S. Bank, National Association | 32 | $18.9M | $589K |
| 4 | Wells Fargo Bank National Association | 32 | $13.8M | $430K |
| 5 | Port 51 Lending LLC | 8 | $11.5M | $1.4M |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What types of businesses fall under NAICS 485320?
This code covers companies providing prearranged chauffeured transportation in luxury vehicles. Examples include executive sedan services, stretch limousine rental companies, airport transfer specialists, wedding limousine providers, and party bus operators. The U.S. Census Bureau[5] distinguishes these operations from taxi services by the prearranged booking and premium vehicle standards involved.
How is NAICS 485320 different from taxi and rideshare codes?
Limousine service under 485320 involves prearranged trips in premium vehicles with uniformed chauffeurs, higher price points, and service standards that include vehicle presentation and customer amenities. Taxi and rideshare under 485310 covers on-demand transportation in standard vehicles at meter-based or algorithm-set fares. While some operational overlap exists in airport transfers and corporate transportation, the Census Bureau separates them based on service model and vehicle class.
What is the SBA size standard for NAICS 485320?
The Small Business Administration sets the size standard at $19 million in average annual receipts over five years. Market vast majority of limousine companies fall well below this threshold, as most are small owner-operated fleets. Details are in the SBA size standards table[10].
What NAICS codes are closely related to limousine service?
Closely related codes include 485310 for taxi and ridesharing, 485999 for other ground passenger services, 485510 for charter bus operations, and 487110 for scenic rail excursions. Premium rideshare tiers and black car services blur the boundary between 485310 and 485320, with the prearranged booking and luxury vehicle requirement serving as the primary classification distinction.
What industries are connected to limousine operations?
Connected industries include event planning and wedding coordination businesses that refer clients, hotels and resorts maintaining preferred limousine vendor lists, corporate travel management companies booking executive car service, and funeral homes arranging procession vehicles. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics[6], the ground passenger transportation sector encompasses a broad range of service providers that interact with limousine operations through shared labor pools and vehicle maintenance channels.
What activities are included in NAICS 485320?
Included activities cover executive sedan service, stretch limousine event rentals with drivers, airport luxury transfers, corporate ground transportation programs, wedding packages, party bus service, wine tour excursions, funeral procession vehicles, and hourly chauffeured car service. Fleet management and chauffeur training programs operated by limousine companies also fall within this classification.
Can limousine companies get SBA loans?
Limousine operators under the $19 million revenue threshold can access SBA financing for fleet and business growth. The 7(a) program[8] supports luxury vehicle purchases, dispatch software, and marketing investments. Most 504 program[9] finances garage facilities and office real estate. Startup operators may access SBA microloans for initial vehicle acquisition and licensing costs.
Where are limousine services concentrated in the United States?
Limousine operations concentrate near major airports, corporate business districts, and popular event destinations. New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Las Vegas, and South Florida support the largest concentrations of operators due to corporate density, tourism volume, and entertainment demand. Wine regions including Napa Valley, Long Island, and Willamette Valley sustain specialized tour operators, while resort areas and wedding destination markets support seasonal limousine businesses.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census census.gov
- [3]U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns census.gov
- [4]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [5]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [6]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [7]Small Business Administration sba.gov
- [8]SBA 7(a) loans sba.gov
- [9]SBA 504 loan program sba.gov
- [10]SBA size standards table sba.gov
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