NAICS 212311 Quarterly Industry Report
Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 212311Sector: Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (21)Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This industry profile for Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying (NAICS 212311) draws on data from the U.S. Census Bureau[10], U.S. Geological Survey[11], Bureau of Labor Statistics[12], and SBA size standards database[7]. Published by Fair Market Value and updated quarterly, it provides valuation professionals, construction materials analysts, and stone industry investors with current market data. All quantitative claims are sourced to publicly verifiable databases.
Industry Snapshot
Key metrics for the dimension stone mining and quarrying industry.
NAICS Sector
21
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction
Industry Definition & Overview
Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying (NAICS 212311) encompasses establishments primarily engaged in mining or quarrying dimension stone such as rough blocks and slabs of granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, and slate per the U.S. Census Bureau[5]. Dimension stone is distinguished from crushed stone by its extraction in large blocks or slabs for use in building construction, monuments, curbing, and decorative applications where the natural shape, size, and appearance of the stone contribute to its commercial value.
The U.S. dimension stone market reached an estimated $9.19 billion in 2024, growing from $8.6 billion in 2023 per industry market analysis, driven by demand for natural stone in residential and commercial construction. Quarries operate across all 50 states with production concentrated in granite-producing regions of New England and the Southeast, marble districts of Vermont and Georgia, and limestone quarries of Indiana and the Upper Midwest. Vulcan Materials Company and Martin Marietta Materials rank among the largest domestic stone mining enterprises. Transportation costs represent a major factor in delivered stone pricing, often equaling or exceeding the plant sale price per U.S. Department of Energy[6] mining industry data. Quarry sites increasingly undergo conversion to recreational lakes, nature preserves, and other productive second uses after mineral reserves are depleted.
Per the SBA Table of Size Standards[7], the size standard is $30.5 million in average annual receipts. The Mine Safety and Health Administration[8] inspects surface stone quarries at least twice annually under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act. OSHA[9] respirable crystalline silica standards apply to stone cutting, sawing, and finishing operations where workers face dust exposure from granite, sandstone, and other silica-bearing stone materials.
What's Included in This Industry
- Granite block quarrying for building and monument stone
- Marble quarrying and rough slab production
- Limestone dimension block extraction
- Sandstone quarrying for architectural applications
- Slate quarrying for roofing, flooring, and flagstone
- Wire saw, diamond wire, and channel cutting extraction
- Block squaring, trimming, and rough finishing at quarry
- Quarry site development and overburden removal
- Stone block loading, handling, and transport
- Quarry reclamation and site restoration
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Sector | Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction | 21 |
| Subsector | Mining (except Oil and Gas) | 212 |
| Industry Group | Nonmetallic Mineral Mining and Quarrying | 2123 |
| NAICS Industry | Stone Mining and Quarrying | 21231 |
| National Industry | Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying | 212311 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 212312 | Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying | Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying produces limestone aggregate by crushing stone into gravel-sized pieces for road base and concrete production, while dimension stone quarrying extracts intact blocks and slabs where the natural appearance and structural integrity of the stone determine its commercial value |
| 212313 | Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying | Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying processes granite into aggregate through crushing and screening operations, with granite quarries sometimes producing both dimension blocks for building applications and crushed stone for construction aggregate from the same quarry face |
| 327991 | Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing | Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing fabricates dimension stone blocks and slabs into finished countertops, tiles, monuments, and building panels through sawing, polishing, and profiling operations that convert rough quarry products into finished commercial goods |
| 236220 | Commercial and Institutional Building Construction | Commercial and Institutional Building Construction specifies and installs dimension stone for lobbies, facades, and public spaces on commercial projects, with architect stone selections driving quarry production schedules and block sizing for specific building applications |
| 423320 | Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers | Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers distributes dimension stone from quarries to fabricators and contractors through wholesale supply networks, with stone distributors maintaining inventory of popular granite, marble, and limestone varieties for local construction markets |
Geographic Concentration
Top states by share of national establishments.
| # | State | % Est. | Total Est. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pennsylvania | 15.8% | 60 |
| 2 | Texas | 10.8% | 41 |
| 3 | Georgia | 6.1% | 23 |
| 4 | Oklahoma | 6.1% | 23 |
| 5 | New York | 5.3% | 20 |
| 6 | Indiana | 5.0% | 19 |
| 7 | Tennessee | 5.0% | 19 |
| 8 | Montana | 4.0% | 15 |
| 9 | Vermont | 4.0% | 15 |
| 10 | Kansas | 4.0% | 15 |
% Of Establishments
0%
16%
Source: County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau[3]
SBA Lending Summary
8
Total SBA Loans
$800K
Total Loan Volume
$100K
Average Loan Size
10 yrs
Average Loan Term
12.00%
Average Interest Rate
40
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[4]
Key Insight: Per the SBA Table of Size Standards[7], Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying (NAICS 212311) has a size standard of $30.5 million in average annual receipts for federal contracting purposes. SBA lending programs[13] support quarry equipment acquisition, wire saw systems, and working capital for qualifying dimension stone operations. Eligible businesses can access SBA 7(a) loans[14] for working capital, equipment, and acquisition financing, while 504 loans[15] support major fixed-asset purchases including real estate and heavy machinery.
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | U.S. Bank, National Association | 8 | $800K | $100K |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What is the NAICS code for stone quarrying?
NAICS 212311 covers dimension stone mining and quarrying including granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, and slate extraction in block and slab form per the U.S. Census Bureau[5]. Crushed stone quarrying is classified separately under NAICS 212312 and 212313.
What is dimension stone?
Dimension stone is natural stone extracted in large blocks or slabs where size, shape, and appearance determine commercial value, as opposed to crushed stone processed into aggregate per USGS[11] mineral definitions. Common types include granite, marble, limestone, sandstone, and slate.
What is the SBA size standard for stone quarrying?
Per the SBA size standard[7], the threshold is $30.5 million in average annual receipts, determining eligibility for federal small business contracting and SBA lending products available to dimension stone quarrying operations.
How is dimension stone extracted?
Modern quarries use diamond wire saws, chain channel cutters, and controlled blasting to extract large stone blocks from bedrock per U.S. Department of Energy[6] mining industry data. Blocks are then squared and trimmed at the quarry before shipment to fabrication plants for cutting and finishing.
Where are major U.S. stone quarries located?
Granite quarries concentrate in New England and the Southeast, Vermont and Georgia lead marble production, and Indiana limestone districts supply building stone per USGS[11] state production data. Stone quarries operate across all 50 states.
What safety regulations apply to stone quarries?
Why are transportation costs important in stone quarrying?
Transportation costs for dimension stone frequently equal or exceed the plant sale price per U.S. Department of Energy[6] mining industry analysis, making geographic proximity to construction markets a primary factor in quarry profitability and competitive positioning.
What happens to exhausted quarries?
Depleted quarries are increasingly converted to productive second uses including recreational lakes, golf courses, nature preserves, and managed fill sites per industry reclamation practice. Reclamation planning is required under state mining permits before quarry operations begin at most U.S. locations.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census census.gov
- [3]U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns census.gov
- [4]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [5]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [6]U.S. Department of Energy energy.gov
- [7]SBA Table of Size Standards sba.gov
- [8]Mine Safety and Health Administration msha.gov
- [9]OSHA osha.gov
- [10]U.S. Census Bureau data.census.gov
- [11]U.S. Geological Survey usgs.gov
- [12]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [13]SBA lending programs sba.gov
- [14]SBA 7(a) loans sba.gov
- [15]504 loans sba.gov
Disclaimer
This publication has been prepared by Fair Market Value (“Fair Market Value”) for informational purposes only. It is provided on an “as-is” and “as available” basis. Fair Market Value makes no representations or warranties, express or implied, regarding the merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, completeness, or accuracy of the data or information contained herein. This publication is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, professional financial, legal, tax, or investment advice. Users should consult with qualified professionals before making any financial or business decisions based on the information presented.
To the extent permitted by law, Fair Market Value disclaims all liability for loss or damage, direct and indirect, suffered or incurred by any person resulting from the use of, or reliance upon, the data in this publication.
Copyright © 2026 Fair Market Value. All rights reserved. All data, information, articles, graphs, and content contained in this publication are copyrighted works and Fair Market Value hereby reserves all rights. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, republished, uploaded to a third party, or distributed without the prior written permission of Fair Market Value.