NAICS 327991 Quarterly Industry Report
Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 327991Sector: 32Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This Fair Market Value industry report for NAICS 327991 draws on data from the U.S. Census Bureau[5] economic profiles, Bureau of Labor Statistics[6] employment surveys, and SBA size standard publications[7]. Our research team analyzes stone product segment trends and construction market drivers to provide valuation context for stone fabrication operations. Updated quarterly, each statistic is traced to its originating government or institutional source.
Industry Snapshot
Key metrics for the cut stone and stone product manufacturing industry.
Industry Definition & Overview
Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing (NAICS 327991) encompasses establishments primarily engaged in cutting, shaping, and finishing granite, marble, limestone, slate, and other natural stone for building and miscellaneous uses. These operations produce dimension stone blocks and slabs, countertops, floor and wall tiles, monuments and memorials, curbing, flagstone, and architectural trim pieces.
The industry serves residential construction, commercial building, landscape architecture, memorial and cemetery markets, and infrastructure projects. Fabrication shops use diamond wire saws, gang saws, bridge saws, CNC routers, and polishing lines to cut raw stone blocks into finished products. According to the U.S. Census Bureau[5], this classification includes about 1,100 active establishments employing over 31,000 workers nationwide.
The industry includes large integrated operations that quarry and fabricate their own stone alongside smaller custom fabrication shops that purchase blocks and slabs from domestic quarries or import suppliers. Kitchen and bath countertop fabrication has grown into the largest revenue segment for many stone product manufacturers. Granite, marble, quartzite, and soapstone countertops drive retail and contractor demand. Monument manufacturing represents a distinct market segment with different customer channels and seasonal patterns. Imported stone slabs from Brazil, India, Italy, and China supplement domestic quarry output and provide exotic varieties not available from U.S. sources. Water recycling and silica dust control have become major operational considerations for fabrication shops.
What's Included in This Industry
- Granite countertop cutting and fabrication
- Marble slab cutting and polishing
- Limestone architectural trim manufacturing
- Monument and memorial stone carving
- Slate roofing tile and flagstone production
- Stone floor and wall tile fabrication
- Stone curbing and paving block manufacturing
- Sandstone and bluestone product fabrication
- CNC stone routing and profiling operations
- Stone veneer panel manufacturing
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Subsector | Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing | 327 |
| Industry Group | Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing | 3279 |
| NAICS Industry | All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing | 32799 |
| National Industry | Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing | 327991 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 327992 | Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing | Ground or treated mineral manufacturing processes nonmetallic minerals into powders and granules rather than cut and shaped stone products for construction |
| 327999 | All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing | Other miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing covers mineral products not classified elsewhere, sharing mineral processing supply chains |
| 327910 | Abrasive Product Manufacturing | Abrasive product manufacturing produces the diamond blades, grinding wheels, and polishing pads that stone fabricators consume as critical tooling |
| 212311 | Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying | Dimension stone mining and quarrying extracts the raw granite, marble, limestone, and slate blocks that cut stone manufacturers purchase for fabrication |
| 212313 | Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying | Crushed and broken granite mining provides raw material for some stone product applications and shares quarry equipment and expertise |
Geographic Concentration
Top states by share of national establishments.
| # | State | % Est. | Total Est. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Texas | 7.9% | 168 |
| 2 | Florida | 6.5% | 139 |
| 3 | California | 6.1% | 130 |
| 4 | Georgia | 6.0% | 128 |
| 5 | New York | 5.8% | 123 |
| 6 | Pennsylvania | 4.7% | 100 |
| 7 | Illinois | 3.6% | 77 |
| 8 | North Carolina | 3.6% | 76 |
| 9 | New Jersey | 3.0% | 65 |
| 10 | Ohio | 3.0% | 64 |
% Of Establishments
0%
8%
Source: County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau[3]
SBA Lending Summary
384
Total SBA Loans
$252.4M
Total Loan Volume
$657K
Average Loan Size
12 yrs
Average Loan Term
10.33%
Average Interest Rate
3,480
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[4]
Key Insight: The SBA[7] classifies Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing under NAICS 327991 with a size standard of 500 employees. Most stone fabrication shops operate with fewer than 50 workers, making the vast majority of firms eligible for SBA lending programs[8] and federal small business contracting preferences. CNC stone fabrication equipment, bridge saws, and polishing lines represent major capital investments that SBA 504 and 7(a) loans help smaller fabricators finance.
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company | 16 | $41.7M | $2.6M |
| 2 | Wayne Bank | 8 | $36.0M | $4.5M |
| 3 | Truliant FCU | 8 | $22.9M | $2.9M |
| 4 | Apex Bank | 8 | $22.7M | $2.8M |
| 5 | Byline Bank | 16 | $12.4M | $778K |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What types of businesses are classified under NAICS 327991?
NAICS 327991 covers businesses that cut, shape, and finish natural stone for building, decorative, and memorial uses. These include granite countertop fabricators, marble slab processors, limestone architectural trim manufacturers, monument carvers, slate tile producers, and stone veneer panel makers. Per the U.S. Census Bureau[5], about 1,100 establishments operate in this industry.
How is NAICS 327991 structured within the broader classification?
NAICS 327991 belongs to Industry Group 3279 (Other Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing), Subsector 327 (Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing), and Sector 31-33 (Manufacturing). It sits alongside 327910 (abrasive products), 327992 (ground minerals), 327993 (mineral wool), and 327999 (miscellaneous nonmetallic products) within the same industry group.
What is the SBA size standard for NAICS 327991?
The SBA[7] sets the size standard for Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing at 500 employees. Most stone fabrication shops employ fewer than 50 workers, so the vast majority of firms in this industry qualify as small businesses for federal contracting and SBA loan eligibility.
What NAICS codes are most closely related to 327991?
Dimension stone mining (212311) supplies the raw blocks that fabricators process. Abrasive product manufacturing (327910) provides the diamond tools and polishing media used in stone cutting. Tile and terrazzo contractors (238340) install finished stone products. Per the Census Bureau[9], the classification distinguishes stone fabrication from stone quarrying based on the primary activity at each establishment.
What industries interact most with cut stone manufacturers?
Commercial construction (236220) and residential building drive the largest demand volumes for countertops, flooring, and cladding. Brick and stone wholesalers (423320) handle distribution to contractors and retailers. Dimension stone mining (212311) supplies raw blocks and slabs. Building exterior contractors (238190) install stone facades and veneers on construction projects.
What specific activities are included in NAICS 327991?
Activities include cutting granite and marble countertops, polishing stone slabs, carving monuments and memorials, fabricating limestone architectural trim, producing slate roofing tiles and flagstone, manufacturing stone floor and wall tiles, cutting curbing and paving blocks, routing stone profiles on CNC machines, and producing stone veneer panels. According to NAICS reference materials, establishments may also mine or quarry their own stone as part of integrated operations.
Can cut stone manufacturers access SBA loans?
Yes. Cut stone manufacturers with fewer than 500 employees qualify for SBA loan programs[8] including 7(a) loans for working capital, 504 loans for CNC equipment, bridge saws, and real estate, and microloans for smaller shops. These programs help fabricators invest in automated cutting and polishing equipment that improves productivity and product quality.
Where is cut stone manufacturing concentrated in the United States?
Stone fabrication shops distribute broadly across the country because they serve local construction markets. Concentrations exist near quarry regions such as Vermont and Georgia for granite, Indiana for limestone, and Virginia and Pennsylvania for slate. Major metropolitan areas support clusters of countertop fabricators serving residential kitchen and bath remodeling markets. The monument manufacturing segment concentrates in traditional granite quarrying regions of New England and the Upper Midwest.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census census.gov
- [3]U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns census.gov
- [4]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [5]U.S. Census Bureau data.census.gov
- [6]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [7]SBA size standard publications sba.gov
- [8]SBA lending programs sba.gov
- [9]Census Bureau census.gov
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