NAICS 111191 Quarterly Industry Report
Oilseed and Grain Combination
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 111191Sector: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (11)Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This Fair Market Value industry profile for Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming (NAICS 111191) draws on data from the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service[4], the U.S. Census Bureau[6], the Bureau of Labor Statistics[7], and the SBA Office of Size Standards[8]. All statistics reflect the most recently published government data at the time of writing. This report serves as a starting reference for business appraisers, M&A advisors, and lenders evaluating combination farming operations under NAICS 111191.
Industry Definition & Overview
Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming (NAICS 111191) encompasses establishments primarily engaged in growing a combination of oilseed and grain crops where no single oilseed or grain accounts for more than half of the operation's agricultural production value. The U.S. Census Bureau[3] classifies this industry within the oilseed and grain farming subsector, distinguishing it from operations that specialize in a dominant crop such as soybeans, corn, or wheat [1]. Typical operations plant rotating mixes of soybeans and corn, wheat and sunflowers, or canola and barley across fields that span the Midwest, Northern Plains, and Delta regions [2]. Diversified planting strategies allow operators to spread commodity-price risk, improve soil health through rotation benefits, and capture relative margin advantages as prices shift between crops throughout the marketing year [3].
The USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service[4] captures these operations within its Census of Agriculture, though precise establishment counts are difficult to isolate because many farms transition between combination and single-crop classification from year to year depending on acreage allocation decisions [4]. Revenue streams come from multiple commodity markets simultaneously, giving combination farms a natural hedge that single-crop operations lack. Input costs mirror those of specialized grain farms, with seed, fertilizer, crop protection chemicals, fuel, and land rental or mortgage payments composing the major expense categories [5]. Federal crop insurance participation is common, and most operators enroll each crop individually under Revenue Protection policies administered by the USDA Risk Management Agency[5] [6].
What's Included in This Industry
- Combined soybean and corn farming operations
- Wheat and sunflower combination production
- Canola and barley mixed farming
- Sorghum and soybean combination cultivation
- Oilseed and grain seed production on diversified farms
- Dryland combination grain farming on the Great Plains
- Irrigated combination oilseed and grain production
- On-farm grain storage and handling for multiple crop types
- Crop rotation management across oilseed and grain plantings
- Cover crop integration within combination farming systems
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Sector | Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting | 11 |
| Subsector | Crop Production | 111 |
| Industry Group | Oilseed and Grain Farming | 1111 |
| NAICS Industry | Other Grain Farming | 11119 |
| National Industry | Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming | 111191 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 111110 | Soybean Farming | Soybean farming represents one of the primary crop components in combination operations, and farms may shift into this classification when soybean acreage exceeds fifty percent |
| 111150 | Corn Farming | Corn farming is the other dominant crop in Midwest combination operations, sharing identical planting and harvest equipment with oilseed rotations |
| 111140 | Wheat Farming | Wheat farming frequently appears alongside oilseed crops like sunflowers and canola in Northern Plains combination farming systems |
| 111199 | All Other Grain Farming | All other grain farming covers operations growing barley, oats, or sorghum that may overlap with combination farm crop mixes |
| 424510 | Grain and Field Bean Merchant Wholesalers | Grain and grain product merchant wholesalers purchase and market the multiple commodity outputs from combination farming operations at local elevators |
| 311224 | Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing | Soybean and other oilseed processing establishments represent a primary downstream buyer for the oilseed component of combination farm production |
SBA Lending Summary
8
Total SBA Loans
$2.8M
Total Loan Volume
$350K
Average Loan Size
10 yrs
Average Loan Term
11.00%
Average Interest Rate
8
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[2]
Key Insight: The SBA[9] assigns NAICS 111191 a revenue-based size standard of $2.25 million in average annual receipts. Most combination oilseed and grain farms fall well within this threshold, as the diversified nature of these operations typically reflects moderate-scale family farming rather than large corporate enterprises. Qualifying businesses access Farm Service Agency direct and guaranteed loans, USDA disaster assistance, and SBA 7(a) financing for equipment purchases, grain storage construction, and operating capital [7]. Each crop grown on a combination farm can be enrolled separately in federal crop insurance programs, providing layered revenue protection. Agriculture Risk Coverage and Price Loss Coverage elections through the USDA Farm Service Agency[10] apply on a crop-by-crop basis, allowing operators to improve program benefits across their diversified portfolio [8]. Additionally, 504/CDC loans[11] provide long-term, fixed-rate financing for major fixed assets such as real estate and equipment.
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accion Opportunity Fund Community Development | 8 | $2.8M | $350K |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What types of businesses fall under NAICS 111191?
NAICS 111191 covers establishments where no single oilseed or grain crop accounts for more than half of total agricultural production value. Common examples include farms growing soybeans alongside corn, wheat combined with sunflowers or canola, or sorghum paired with various oilseed crops across diversified acreage [1].
What is the SBA size standard for Oilseed and Grain Combination Farming?
A combination farming business qualifies as small under SBA guidelines if its average annual receipts do not exceed $2.25 million, measured over the preceding five completed fiscal years. This revenue-based threshold applies to all establishments classified under NAICS 111191 [7].
How does combination farming differ from single-crop operations?
Combination farms grow multiple oilseed and grain crops without any single commodity dominating production value, providing built-in revenue diversification that single-crop operations lack. This structure allows operators to benefit from different commodity price cycles, spread weather risk across crops with varying growth stages, and maintain soil health through crop rotation benefits documented by USDA NRCS[12] conservation practice standards [3].
What are the major cost drivers for combination farming?
Seed purchases for multiple crop types, fertilizer programs tailored to each crop's nutrient demands, and crop protection chemical applications that differ by commodity represent the primary variable costs. Equipment fleets must accommodate the planting and harvest requirements of each crop, which can increase capital expenditure relative to single-crop farms. Land rental rates and crop insurance premiums for each enrolled commodity add to the fixed cost base according to USDA ERS[13] farm income estimates [5].
How are combination farms typically valued for sale?
Valuation approaches mirror those used for single-crop grain farms, with asset-based methods anchored by per-acre land values dominating the analysis. Appraisers evaluate soil productivity ratings, drainage infrastructure, grain storage capacity sized for multiple commodities, and equipment condition. Income capitalization methods use stabilized net farm income averaged across the crop mix, which may be less volatile than single-crop projections, potentially supporting slightly higher capitalization multiples in favorable locations [9].
What regions are most common for combination farming?
The western Corn Belt, where corn and soybean rotations dominate, represents the largest concentration of combination farms. Northern Plains states including the Dakotas and Montana support wheat-sunflower and wheat-canola combinations. Delta region operations in Arkansas and Mississippi frequently rotate soybeans with rice or grain sorghum. Each region's crop mix reflects local soil types, climate patterns, and proximity to commodity processing and export facilities documented in USDA NASS[4] regional crop data [2].
How does crop insurance work for combination farms?
Each crop on a combination farm is enrolled individually in federal crop insurance programs, allowing operators to select Revenue Protection, Yield Protection, or other policy types on a commodity-by-commodity basis. Coverage levels and premium subsidies apply independently to each crop, and indemnity payments trigger based on individual crop performance rather than whole-farm results. This structure provides layered protection, as a loss in one crop may be offset by strong results in another according to USDA RMA[5] program guidelines [6].
What trends are shaping combination farming?
Carbon sequestration incentive programs are encouraging more diverse crop rotations that qualify for carbon credit payments. Rising fertilizer costs are pushing operators to include nitrogen-fixing oilseeds like soybeans more prominently in their rotation plans. Precision agriculture technologies enable variable-rate input management across different crops on the same farm, improving profitability at the field level. Export market volatility and shifting trade relationships continue to influence the relative acreage allocated to each crop within combination operations as tracked by the USDA Economic Research Service[13] [4].
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [3]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [4]USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service nass.usda.gov
- [5]USDA Risk Management Agency rma.usda.gov
- [6]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [7]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [8]SBA Office of Size Standards sba.gov
- [9]SBA sba.gov
- [10]USDA Farm Service Agency fsa.usda.gov
- [11]504/CDC loans sba.gov
- [12]USDA NRCS nrcs.usda.gov
- [13]USDA ERS ers.usda.gov
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