NAICS 332722 Quarterly Industry Report
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 332722Sector: 33Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This report covers NAICS 332722: Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing. Fair Market Value compiles data from authoritative U.S. government sources including the U.S. Census Bureau[5], Bureau of Labor Statistics[6], and the Small Business Administration[7]. Data presented aligns with official 2022 NAICS classifications and is updated quarterly as new government data becomes available. Our research team specializes in manufacturing sector analysis for business valuations and M&A comparables.
Industry Snapshot
Key metrics for the bolt, nut, screw, rivet, and washer manufacturing industry.
Industry Definition & Overview
Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing (NAICS 332722) encompasses establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing metal fasteners including bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers using cold heading, threading, and forming equipment. These facilities produce commodity and specialty fasteners sold to distributors and manufacturers who incorporate them into larger assemblies across industrial, automotive, construction, and consumer goods sectors.
Manufacturing processes include cold forming, threading, heat treatment, plating, and quality testing. Production facilities range from small specialty manufacturers to large integrated operations with multiple product lines. According to the U.S. Census Bureau[5], this classification falls within the fabricated metal product manufacturing subsector. Fastener quality standards align with ASTM, DIN, ISO, and other industry specifications.
The industry serves broad customer bases requiring reliable supply of precision fastener products. Geographic concentration follows manufacturing hubs in the Midwest, where proximity to automotive and industrial customers reduces logistics costs. Material inputs, primarily steel wire and rod, represent the largest variable cost for most fastener producers. Per Bureau of Labor Statistics data[6], fabricated metal product manufacturing employs over 1.5 million workers nationally, with fastener production representing a specialized segment within that base. Import competition from Asian producers, particularly in commodity fastener grades, pressures domestic manufacturers to focus on specialty and high-strength products where quality certification requirements create market differentiation.
What's Included in This Industry
- Bolt manufacturing including machine bolts and anchor bolts
- Nut manufacturing and threading operations
- Screw production including wood screws, machine screws, and self-drilling screws
- Rivet manufacturing including solid and tubular rivets
- Washer production including flat and spring washers
- Cold forming and metal heading processes
- Heat treatment and hardening of fasteners
- Surface finishing and plating operations for corrosion protection
- Precision threading and tapping operations
- Quality control and testing to ASTM, DIN, and ISO standards
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Subsector | Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing | 332 |
| Industry Group | Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing | 3327 |
| NAICS Industry | Turned Product and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing | 33272 |
| National Industry | Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing | 332722 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 332721 | Precision Turned Product Manufacturing | Precision Turned Product Manufacturing uses CNC lathes and automatic screw machines to produce turned components, while NAICS 332722 uses cold heading, threading, and forming equipment specifically designed for fastener production. |
| 332710 | Machine Shops | Machine Shops provide custom machining services on a job or order basis across multiple processes, while NAICS 332722 focuses specifically on high-volume fastener production using dedicated forming and heading equipment. |
| 332510 | Hardware Manufacturing | Hardware Manufacturing produces a broader range of hardware items including hinges, locks, and fittings, while NAICS 332722 specializes exclusively in fastener products manufactured through heading and forming processes. |
| 332215 | Metal Kitchen Cookware, Utensil, Cutlery, and Flatware (except Precious) Manufacturing | Metal Stamping produces metal components through stamping and pressing operations, using forming techniques that overlap with some fastener manufacturing processes but serving different end-product categories. |
| 332811 | Metal Heat Treating | Metal Heat Treating provides thermal processing services that fastener manufacturers contract for hardening and tempering operations, representing a downstream service provider rather than a competing manufacturer. |
| 331110 | Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing | Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing provides the raw steel wire, rod, and bar stock that serves as primary material input for bolt, nut, screw, and rivet production operations. |
Geographic Concentration
Top states by share of national establishments.
| # | State | % Est. | Total Est. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | California | 15.4% | 108 |
| 2 | Illinois | 13.0% | 91 |
| 3 | Michigan | 8.8% | 62 |
| 4 | Ohio | 8.3% | 58 |
| 5 | Texas | 6.8% | 48 |
| 6 | Pennsylvania | 4.8% | 34 |
| 7 | Indiana | 3.9% | 27 |
| 8 | New York | 3.7% | 26 |
| 9 | Connecticut | 3.3% | 23 |
| 10 | Wisconsin | 2.9% | 20 |
% Of Establishments
0%
15%
Source: County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau[3]
SBA Lending Summary
64
Total SBA Loans
$57.7M
Total Loan Volume
$902K
Average Loan Size
12 yrs
Average Loan Term
8.67%
Average Interest Rate
1,360
Jobs Supported
Source: SBA 7(a) Program Data, U.S. Small Business Administration — FY 2025[4]
Key Insight: The SBA size standard for NAICS 332722 is 500 employees[7], making most fastener manufacturers eligible small businesses under federal contracting programs. Fastener manufacturers meeting this threshold qualify for SBA loan programs, contracting assistance, and small business certifications. The SBA provides financing options through the 7(a) loan program[8] and 504 loans tailored to manufacturing enterprises. Small manufacturers may also participate in government procurement set-asides and contracting opportunities through SAM.gov[9].
Top SBA Lenders
| # | Lender | Loans | Volume | Avg Loan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | City National Bank | 16 | $32.6M | $2.0M |
| 2 | First Bank | 16 | $16.8M | $1.1M |
| 3 | Live Oak Banking Company | 8 | $4.0M | $500K |
| 3 | Zions Bank, A Division of | 8 | $4.0M | $500K |
| 5 | U.S. Bank, National Association | 8 | $200K | $25K |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What types of businesses operate in NAICS 332722?
Establishments in NAICS 332722 include fastener manufacturers ranging from small specialty producers to large integrated operations. Businesses may specialize in specific fastener types (bolts, nuts, screws) or offer diverse product lines. Many companies operate as commodity producers selling to distributors, while others provide specialized fastening solutions for specific industries such as automotive, aerospace, or construction.
How is NAICS 332722 structured within the manufacturing sector?
NAICS 332722 sits within Industry Group 3327 (Machine Shops; Turned Product; and Screw, Nut, and Bolt Manufacturing), which is part of Subsector 332 (Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing) in Sector 33 (Manufacturing). Per the U.S. Census Bureau[5], this classification distinguishes fastener production using heading and forming equipment from precision turned product manufacturing (332721) and general machine shop operations (332710).
What is the SBA size standard for NAICS 332722?
The SBA size standard for NAICS 332722 is 500 employees[7]. A business with 500 or fewer employees meets the small business criterion and qualifies for SBA loan programs, certifications, and federal contracting assistance. Employees are counted as an average over the preceding 24 months.
What related NAICS codes involve fastener or similar manufacturing?
Related codes include NAICS 332721 (Precision Turned Product Manufacturing) for turned components made on CNC lathes, NAICS 332510 (Hardware Manufacturing) for broader hardware items, and NAICS 332215 (Metal Stamping) for formed metal components. Upstream supplier NAICS 331110 (Iron and Steel Mills) provides raw material, while downstream NAICS 336110 (Motor Vehicle Manufacturing) is a major customer. Per the Census Bureau NAICS structure[5], classification depends on the primary manufacturing process used.
What industries purchase fasteners from NAICS 332722 manufacturers?
Major customer industries include motor vehicle manufacturing (336110), construction machinery production (333120), farm equipment manufacturing (333111), aircraft manufacturing (336411), and prefabricated metal building manufacturing (332311). Fasteners are essential components across virtually all manufacturing sectors. Distributors and wholesalers serve as intermediaries connecting fastener manufacturers to thousands of end-use customers.
What manufacturing processes are included in NAICS 332722?
NAICS 332722 covers cold heading to shape raw wire into fastener blanks, precision threading and tapping for bolt and screw production, heat treatment to achieve required strength specifications, surface finishing including electroplating and coating, and quality testing against ASTM, DIN, and ISO standards. Products include machine bolts, anchor bolts, wood screws, self-drilling screws, various nut forms, flat and spring washers, and solid and tubular rivets.
Are manufacturers in NAICS 332722 eligible for SBA loans?
Yes, fastener manufacturers meeting the 500-employee size standard qualify for SBA 7(a) loans[8] for general business purposes, equipment financing, and working capital. SBA 504 loans provide long-term fixed-rate financing for major capital equipment purchases. The SBA also provides certification programs such as 8(a) Business Development and HUBZone for qualifying small manufacturers.
What is the geographic concentration of fastener manufacturing?
Fastener manufacturing concentrates in the Midwest region. Per BLS data[10], states including Indiana, Wisconsin, Ohio, and Michigan maintain high concentrations of metal product manufacturing including fastener production. These states developed specialized supplier networks and skilled labor pools supporting the industry. Production facilities serve both regional customers and national distribution networks.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages bls.gov
- [2]U.S. Census Bureau, Economic Census census.gov
- [3]U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns census.gov
- [4]U.S. Small Business Administration, SBA 7(a) Loan Program Data data.sba.gov
- [5]U.S. Census Bureau census.gov
- [6]Bureau of Labor Statistics data bls.gov
- [7]Small Business Administration sba.gov
- [8]7(a) loan program sba.gov
- [9]SAM.gov sam.gov
- [10]BLS data bls.gov
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