NAICS 922110 Quarterly Industry Report
Courts
Comprehensive industry research for valuation professionals, business owners, buyers, and lenders
NAICS Code: 922110Sector: Public Administration (92)Updated: Q1 2026
About This Report
This industry profile for Courts (NAICS 922110) uses data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics[2], U.S. Census Bureau[3], and the SBA[4]. Fair Market Value researchers analyze court caseload data, judicial employment figures, and court funding sources specific to NAICS 922110. Additional data is drawn from Bureau of Labor Statistics[5].. Quarterly updates reflect changes in court structure, caseload volumes, and judicial branch employment trends.
Industry Definition & Overview
Courts (NAICS 922110) encompasses civilian courts of law at federal, state, and local levels, excluding tribal courts which fall under NAICS 921150. This classification covers trial courts, appellate courts, supreme courts, family courts, probate courts, traffic courts, and specialized judicial bodies such as bankruptcy courts and tax courts. Sheriffs' offices performing only court functions, such as serving process and providing courthouse security, are also included.
The federal judiciary operates through 94 district courts, 13 circuit courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court. State court systems handle the vast majority of litigation; the National Center for State Courts[1] reported roughly 70 million case filings across state courts in 2024. Case types range from traffic violations and small claims to felony criminal trials and complex civil litigation. Municipal and county courts process millions of additional misdemeanor and ordinance violation cases annually.
Court employment spans judges, magistrates, court clerks, bailiffs, court reporters, and administrative staff. The Bureau of Justice Statistics[2] tracks court operations through the Court Statistics Project, while the Census Bureau's ASPEP survey[3] captures judicial branch employment within its broader government workforce data. Funding comes primarily from state and local appropriations, supplemented by filing fees, fines, and federal grants for specialized court programs like drug courts and veterans' courts.
What's Included in This Industry
- Federal district courts and circuit courts of appeal
- State trial courts and appellate courts
- County and municipal courts
- Family courts, juvenile courts, and probate courts
- Traffic courts and small claims courts
- Bankruptcy courts and tax courts
- Sheriffs' offices performing court functions only
- Court clerks' offices and court administration
- Specialized drug courts and veterans' treatment courts
- Supreme courts at federal and state levels
NAICS Classification Hierarchy
| Level | Description | Code |
|---|---|---|
| Sector | Public Administration | 92 |
| Subsector | Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities | 922 |
| Industry Group | Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities | 9221 |
| NAICS Industry | Courts | 92211 |
| National Industry | Courts | 922110 |
Related NAICS Codes
| Code | Description | Relationship |
|---|---|---|
| 922130 | Legal Counsel and Prosecution | Legal counsel and prosecution offices that bring cases before courts and provide government attorneys who argue on behalf of the state or municipality |
| 922140 | Correctional Institutions | Correctional institutions that house individuals sentenced by courts and receive inmates through judicial commitment orders and sentencing decisions |
| 922150 | Parole Offices and Probation Offices | Parole and probation offices that supervise individuals released by courts under conditional terms set during sentencing proceedings |
| 922120 | Police Protection | Police protection agencies that arrest individuals and prepare cases for prosecution, initiating the chain of events that leads to court proceedings |
| 921120 | Legislative Bodies | Legislative bodies that create the statutory framework courts interpret and that set judicial branch budgets through appropriations legislation |
| 922190 | Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities | Other justice and public safety establishments that support court operations through witness protection, jury management, and related functions |
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this industry.
What types of courts are classified under NAICS 922110?
NAICS 922110 covers all civilian courts of law at federal, state, and local levels, including trial courts, appellate courts, family courts, probate courts, traffic courts, and specialized bodies like bankruptcy and tax courts. The Census Bureau[8] excludes tribal courts, which fall under 921150.
How is the U.S. court system structured?
Federal courts include 94 district courts, 13 courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court. Each state operates its own court system with trial courts, intermediate appellate courts (in most states), and a supreme court. Local governments run municipal and county courts handling misdemeanors, traffic offenses, and small claims.
Does the SBA set a size standard for NAICS 922110?
No. The SBA[9] does not establish size standards for Sector 92 codes because they cover government entities. Private court service providers use their own NAICS codes for SBA program eligibility.
What NAICS codes are closely related to 922110 Courts?
Related codes include 922130 (Legal Counsel and Prosecution), 922140 (Correctional Institutions), 922150 (Parole and Probation Offices), and 922120 (Police Protection). The Census Bureau[10] groups these under Subsector 9221 for justice, public order, and safety.
What private-sector industries commonly serve court systems?
Law firms (NAICS 541110), court reporting services (NAICS 541199), IT vendors (NAICS 541512), and investigation services (NAICS 561611) are frequent partners. Interpreting firms, mediation services, and electronic monitoring companies also contract with courts.
What activities are included under NAICS 922110?
Activities include presiding over civil and criminal cases, issuing rulings and sentences, managing jury selection, processing case filings, maintaining court records, and administering specialized programs like drug courts. The National Center for State Courts[1] tracks roughly 70 million annual state court filings across these functions.
Can businesses contracting with courts qualify for SBA loans?
Where are court establishments concentrated geographically?
Federal courts operate in every state and territory, with district courts in major cities. State court systems maintain courthouses in every county seat. The Bureau of Justice Statistics[11] tracks court activity across all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories through the Court Statistics Project.
Sources & References
Government datasets and editorial sources used in this report.
- [1]National Center for State Courts ncsc.org
- [2]Bureau of Justice Statistics bjs.ojp.gov
- [3]Census Bureau's ASPEP survey census.gov
- [4]SBA sba.gov
- [5]Bureau of Labor Statistics bls.gov
- [6]7(a) loan program sba.gov
- [7]504 loan program sba.gov
- [8]Census Bureau census.gov
- [9]SBA sba.gov
- [10]Census Bureau census.gov
- [11]Bureau of Justice Statistics bjs.ojp.gov
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